面向住区开放空间热舒适的加减法设计策略 以夏热冬冷地区为例

Fine Design Strategy for Thermal Comfort of Residential Open Space Evaluating the Hot-Summer/Cold-Winter Zone

居民总是愿意在优质的环境中活动以满足心理以及生理上的需要,因此为提高居住品质,在既有住区改造和新住区建设过程中,如何营造舒适的公共空间、完善公共服务建设日益受到关注。由于住区中公共行为主要发生于开放空间,而这也是公共服务建设最主要的可利用空间,以之为关注对象,文章运用"ENVI-MET"软件对上海三处不同时期的典型住区进行热环境模拟,可视化其热舒适指数,并对热舒适指数与空间特征的关系进行定性、定量分析,提出"加法"与"减法"两类改善住区热舒适的设计策略,借助空间精细化设计改善住区公共服务系统,提升住户居住品质,促进低碳生活发展。

Residents tend to live in a quality environment as it can satisfy their mental and physical demands.Therefore,in order to improve the living quality,it is important to answer the question of how to create comfortable public spaces as well as a thorough public service system,when refurbishing or building a residential area.Since the open space hosts most of the public activities as well as the public service system,it becomes the primary focus in this research.Utilizing ENVI-MET,the research simulates the thermal environment of three typical residential areas in Shanghai,and visualizes their thermal comfort index.Then,through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the relationship between thermal comfort index and spatial characters of each residential area,the research suggests two categories of fine design strategies: "plus" and "minus",to optimize the thermal environment in residential areas.Thus,the public service system can also be ameliorated via fine design,which further benefits the living environment as well as the development of a low-carbon lifestyle.