不同基质对景天科拟石莲花属植物叶插和播种繁殖的影响

Effects of Different Substrates on the Leaf Cuttage and Seed Germination of Echeveria Plants

【目的】为景天科拟石莲花属植物规模化繁殖和生产提供依据。【方法】以景天科拟石莲花属植物雪莲种子、红边月影、女雏、花乃井和小蓝衣叶片以及3种播种基质(V泥炭土422#∶V珍珠岩=3∶2、V泥炭土680#∶V珍珠岩=3∶2和V本地红壤土∶V珍珠岩=3∶2)为试材,测定了3种基质的理化性质及其对红边月影、女雏、花乃井和小蓝衣叶插生根率、新芽直径以及对雪莲种子发芽率的影响。【结果】3种基质的容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度、有机质和有效氮磷钾元素均存在差异,pH值和EC值均符合拟石莲花属植物的生长要求。3种基质对拟石莲花属植物叶插生根率影响不显著(P>0.05),对新芽直径和种子发芽率影响显著(P<0.05),拟石莲花属植物物种间的叶插生根率和新芽直径存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异,拟石莲花属植物物种和基质间存在互作效应。基质理化性质中,对拟石莲花属植物发芽率和生根率均为显著影响的共性因素为基质中有机质含量、氮元素含量和持水孔隙度,而对生长速度有极显著影响的因素为通气孔隙度。【结论】泥炭和珍珠岩复配较适宜作为拟石莲花属植物的叶插和播种繁殖基质,针对不同拟石莲花属植物品种筛选不同性质的泥炭,并且在不同生长期选用不同理化性质的基质,可获得更好的繁育效果。

[Purposes]To provide guidance for the large-scale reproduction and production management of Echeveria plants.[Method]The seeds of E.laui,the leaves of E.albicans,E.cv.mebina,E.amoena,E.setosa var.deminuta and three substrates(Vpeat soil 422#∶Vperlite=3∶2,Vpeat soil 680#∶Vperlite=3∶2 and Vlocal red loam∶Vperlite=3∶2)were chose as materials,the physical and chemical properties of three substrates and their effects on the germination rate of E.laui and the rooting rate,bud diameter of the other four varieties were studied in this study.[Result]The unit weight,total poros-ity,aeration porosity,water-holding porosity,organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of the three substrates were different,and the pH value and EC value were according to the growth requirements of Echeveria plant.The three substrates had no significant effect on the rooting rate(P>0.05),but significant effect on the diameter of new buds and the germination rate of seeds(P<0.05).There were significant(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01)differences in the rooting rate and the diameter of new buds among those varieties,and there was an interaction effect between the varieties and substrates.In the physical and chemical properties of the matrixes,the common factors that have a significant impact on the germination and rooting rate of Echeveria plants are organic matter content,nitrogen element content and water-holding porosity,and aeration porosity is the factor that has a significant impact on the growth rate.[Conclusion]The mixture of peat and perlite is suitable for leaf insertion and seeds germination of the genus Echeveria,and better results can be obtained by screening different properties peat for different Echeveria varieties.In addition,the selection of the matrix with different physical and chemical properties in different growth period can obtain better breeding effect.