1Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler, "Misinformation and Fact-checking: Research Findings From Social Science," New America Foundation Media Policy Initiative Research Paper, February 2012. [访问日期2016年6月2日], http://www, dartmouth. edu/-nyhan/Misinformation_and_Fact-cheeking. pdf].
2Eric Ostermeier, "Selection Bias? PolitiFact Rates Republican Statements as Fake at Three Times &e Rate of Democrats", Smart Politics, 10 February 2011. [访问日期2016年6月2日, http://editions, lib. umn. edu/smartpolitics/2011/02/10/ selection-bias-politifact-rate].
3Morgan Marietta, David C. Barker, and Todd Bowser, "Fact-Checking Polarized Politics: Does the Pact-check Industry Provide Consistent Guidance on Disputed Realities?" TheForum 2015, 13(4): pp. 577-596.
4Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler, "The Effect of Fact-checking on Elites: A Field Experiment on US State Legislators, " American Journal of Political Science, 2015, 59 (3) : pp. 628-640.
6David E. Broockman, and Daniel M. Butler, "The Causal Effects of Elite Position- taking on Voter Attitudes: Field Experiments with Eli te Communicat ion, " American Journal of Political Science, forthcoming.
7Pew Research Center, "Contrasting Partisan Perspectives on Campaign 2016, " 2 October 2015[访问日期2016年6月2日, http :// www. people-press, org/2015/10/02/contrasting-partisan-perspectives-on-campaign-2016].
