裕固族民间文学所见多元宗教意蕴

A Study on the Multiple-religious Implications of the Yugur Folk Literature

裕固族民间文学丰富多彩,宗教意蕴浓厚。今天的裕固族人口虽然较少,但其历史悠久,文化昌明,历史上曾先后信奉多种宗教,原信奉萨满教,后又皈依摩尼教、景教、佛教等。诸多宗教中,萨满教的历史最为悠久,影响巨大,至今不绝。而摩尼教和佛教则分别起源于波斯和印度,给裕固族文化发展输入了新鲜的血液。这三种宗教或历时或并时地影响了裕固先民的思想,并自然而然体现在裕固族民间文学作品中。不论裕固族民间文学中展现的是何种宗教意蕴,都表现出裕固族人纯洁善良的本质,表达了人们对美好生活的向往,以及自觉规范行为以获取神灵保佑的美好愿望。

Yugur folk literature is rich and colorful.The religious implication is also strong.Although the Yugur population is small today,it has a long history,prosperous and liberal culture.In the history of the Yugur ancestors,they had great belief in Shamanism first,Manichaeism,Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism successively.Among the many religions,Shamanism has the longest history and has a huge impact.Manichaeism and Buddhism Originated in India and Persia,which put in a fresh blood to the development of the Yugur culture.These three religions,either syn⁃chronic or diachronic,influenced the ideas of the Yugur ancestors and were naturally reflected in the works of Yugur folk literature.No matter what kind of religious implication is revealed in Yugur folk literature,it shows the purity and goodness of the Yugur people,expresses people’s yearning for a better life and consciously governing their behavior to acquire the good wishes of the gods.