明诗中的河西风貌与明人的河西认知

Image of Hexi in Ming Poetry and the Ming People’s Cognition of Hexi

河西走廊以其重要的地理位置与独特的地域风貌,在明代边塞诗歌书写中占有相当大的比重。文学书写中所呈现的河西风貌主要涉及自然特征、军备活动与地方物产,而明人对河西的认知则主要是通过中西往来的通道、建功立业的疆场与离家去国的戍地等方面,这种认知的形成与消长主要与明代各时期国家实力相关联。尽管在艺术水准与题材开拓上,明诗中的河西书写难以与前代、尤其是唐代边塞诗比肩,但就身赴河西者而言,其诗歌在书写的纪实性与细致程度上较前代有明显的加强和推进。这种对个体历程的详细记录可能由明人的书写习惯所致,客观上已成为明诗中的边塞书写区别于前代的一个重要特征。

The image of Hexi presented in literary writing involves specific aspects such as the natural environment,military construction and local customs.The Ming people’s cognition of Hexi mainly includes the channels between China and the West,the field of making achievements and the garrison far away from home.The documentary and meticulousness of the poetry of the Ming Dynasty was significantly strengthened and promoted compared with the previous generation.This detailed record of the individual’s history may be caused by the writing habits of the Ming people,but objectively it has become an important feature of the frontier writing in Ming poetry that is different from the previous generation.