论马克思的“人性”概念

On Marx’s Concept of“Human Nature”

马克思人性论以"人性的社会"为价值指引,具有具体性、历史性、实践性等独特的理论品质,其超越资产阶级抽象人性论之处在于,它从本质上把人性理解为人的感性活动即实践的产物和表现,把工人群众"非人性"的生活状况的变革诉诸于全部目的在于消灭私有制的无产阶级革命运动,以建立共产主义这一"人性的社会"。由此,马克思对人性的理解从抽象上升到具体,达到了具体人性的认识高度,认为人性既是抽象的也是具体的,是劳动、需要等"人的一般本性"在社会历史中的具体展开和深化,并最终体现为历史地变化了的和实际地发展着的个性。

Marx’s theory of human nature,with“human society”as its clear value guide,has such unique theoretical qualities as specificity,history and practice,and transcends the bourgeois abstract theory of human nature in that it essentially understands human nature as the product and manifestation of human sensual activity,i.e.practice,and resorts to the revolutionary movement of the proletariat,whose entire purpose is to eliminate private ownership,in order to establish communism as“human society”.Thus,Marx’s understanding of human nature rose from the abstract to the concrete,reaching a high level of understanding of concrete human nature,believing that human nature is both abstract and concrete,is the concrete unfolding and deepening of the“general nature of human beings”such as labor and needs in social history,and finally manifests into a historically and practically developing personality.