“独立工人”视角下共享经济就业特征及其影响机制

Research into the Features and Influencing Mechanism of Employment in Sharing Economy from the Perspective of "Independent Workers"

共享经济中形成了"平台+履约人"的新就业模式,催生了一个全新的就业群体--"独立工人"。"独立工人"与平台之间没有传统意义上的劳动关系,仅根据平台要求向客户提供劳务或服务。研究显示:我国共享经济从业人员以"独立工人"为主,吸纳的劳动力主要是受教育程度较低、技术等级较低、外地农业户籍的青壮年男性。在共享经济中有四至五成的从业人员属于专职"独立工人"。研究发现:选择从事兼职独立工作的群体有长期从业的倾向,而选择从事专职独立工作的群体则不希望继续从事独立工作。为进一步规范共享经济发展、保护"独立工人"的合法权益,可以从重新审视"独立工人"的法律身份入手,探索建立适合"独立工人"的"可携式福利"体系,尝试总结具有权威性的共享经济劳动标准,以推动该领域的劳动立法。

A new employment model of "platform + contractors" has been formed in the sharing economy, which has spawned a brand-new employment group- "independent workers". There is no traditional labor relationship between "independent workers" and the platform, while only labor services are provided to customers based on platform requirements. Research indicates that employees of the sharing economy in China are dominated by "independent workers", whereas the labor force they employ are mainly young men with lower education, low technical level, and rural household registration in other places. In the sharing economy, 40% to 50% of the employees are "full-time independent workers." The study finds that those who choose to work part-time and independent work tend to have long-term employment while those who choose to work fulltime and independent work do not want to continue to work independently. To further regulate the development of the sharing economy and protect the legitimate rights and interests of "independent workers", we can start by reexamining the legal status of the "independent workers", explore the establishment of a "portable welfare" system suitable for them, and try to summarize the authoritative labor standard of sharing economy to promote labor legislation in this field.