对我国运行核电厂退役准备的思考与建议

Thoughts and Suggestions on the Decommissioning Preparation of Operating Nuclear Power Plants in China

退役是核电厂生命周期的最后一个阶段,作为全生命周期管理中的重要环节,需要提前做好相关准备工作。国际上,在运行核电机组的平均年龄已超过30年,还有很大一部分机组也已永久关闭,亟须关注核电厂退役准备的相关问题。目前,我国还没有核电厂退役实践,仅有一些核设施退役的经验,核电厂退役在我国尚属于新起之业,面临着诸多机遇和挑战。对于运行核电厂,为了更好地应对今后的退役工程,我国需要重点考虑退役准备方面的若干问题,如退役标准体系研究、退役计划管理、退役技术的预先研究、退役相关资料的收集与管理、便于退役的措施的落实、退役经费、人才培养与队伍建设等。

Decommissioning is the last stage of the life cycle of nuclear power plant.As one of the important links in the whole life cycle management,it is necessary to make preparations in advance.In the world,the average age of nuclear power generating units in operation has been more than 30 years,and a large part of them have been shut down permanently,so it is urgent to pay attention to the relevant issues of decommissioning preparation.At present,there is no decommissioning practice of nuclear power plants in China,only some decommissioning experience of nuclear facilities.Decommissioning of nuclear power plants in China is still a new industry,facing many opportunities and challenges.For the operation of nuclear power plants,in order to better cope with future decommissioning projects,our country needs to focus on several issues concerning decommissioning preparation,such as researching on decommissioning standards system,decommissioning planning,pre-study on decommissioning technology,related data collection and management,measures to facilitate decommissioning,funds,personnel training,team development etc.could provide a better way to reach the goal of decommissioning.