商业道德在反不正当竞争法中的价值与标准二重构造

The Value-Criterion Dual-Construction of Business Morals in Anti-Unfair Competition Law

价值取向和判断标准在反不正当竞争法的制度建构中具有根基性作用。自由、公平和效率是反不正当竞争法的基本价值取向。商业道德则是反不正当竞争法的基本评判标准。价值取向与判断标准具有内在的关联机制,最终都落实于竞争行为正当性的具体认定。竞争行为正当性的判断标准是落实价值取向的桥梁和纽带,也是价值取向的载体;价值取向则是判断标准的灵魂和指引。反不正当竞争法中的商业道德异于世俗道德,而定位于商业伦理。商业伦理尤其要按照自由和效率的价值取向进行认定或者创制,最大限度地维护竞争自由以及契合市场精神。特别是,无论是价值取向还是商业伦理,都要求奉行模仿自由原则,给予市场成果自由利用的充分机会与空间。司法裁判者应当慎用不劳而获的判断标准,以防阻碍市场创新和活力。

Value orientation and judgement criterion play fundamental roles in the institutional construction of Anti-Unfair Competition Law.Freedom,fairplay and efficiency are the basic value orientations of Anti-Unfair Competition Law.Business morals are the basic judgement criteria for the law.There is an internal correlation mechanism between value orientation and judgment criterion,both of which are ultimately implemented in the specific assessment for the justification of competition conducts.The judgement criterion for justifying competition conducts is not only the bridge and bond to implement the value orientation,but also the carrier of value orientation.Meanwhile,the value orientation is the soul and guide for the judgement criterion.Business morals in Anti-Unfair Competition Law are different from social morals,should be identified as business ethics.Business ethics,in particular,should be assessed in accordance with the value orientations of freedom and efficiency,in order to maintain the freedom of competition and conform to the market spirit to the greatest extent.It should be noted that both the value orientation and business ethics must follow the rule of free imitation and give sufficient opportunities and space to freely use market achievements.Judges should be alert to the judgement standard of free riding to avoid eliminating market innovation and vitality.