微型营养评定法指导高龄人群膳食营养的疗效观察

Observation on the Effects of Mini-Nutrition Assessment To Guide the Dietary Nutrition of the Elderly

目的观察基于微型营养评定法(MNA)及相关生化指标结果进行的个体化膳食营养干预在高龄老年人群中的应用效果。方法选取2015年3月-2019年5月入住上海市徐汇区第二社会福利院的80~97岁高龄老人84例,以随机数字法分为对照组与观察组各42例(实际完成对照组38例,观察组40例)。观察组由营养师基于干预前老年人的MNA评分及相关血生化指标,制订个体化膳食方案;对照组给予常规饮食。干预半年后评价疗效。结果干预后,对照组MNA评分、体质量指数(BMI)、上臂围(MAC)、小腿围(CC)、前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(ALB)、三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(TC)与干预前相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组MNA评分、MAC、CC、PA、ALB升高,且与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01、P<0.001);2组间干预前后变化值(干预后-干预前)比较,观察组MNA评分、MAC、CC、PA、ALB、TC的变化值与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001、P<0.05)。结论以微型营养评定法结果为主指导高龄人群个体化膳食干预,对于改善高龄人群营养状况具有良好效果,值得临床推广和应用。

Objective To observe the effects of individualized dietary nutrition intervention based on the results of mininutritional assessment(MNA)and related biochemical indexes in the elderly.Methods From March 2015 to May 2019,84 elderly people aged 80-97 who were admitted to the second Social Welfare Institute of Xuhui District were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group(42 cases in each group)(38 cases were actually completed in the control group and 40 ones in the observation group).In the observation group,nutritionists made individualized diet plan based on the MNA score and related blood biochemical indexes of the elderly before intervention.The control group was given a regular diet.Efficacy was evaluated after six months of intervention.Results After the intervention,the MNA score,body mass index(BMI),upper arm circumference(MAC),calf circumference(CC),prealbumin(PA),albumin(ALB),triglyceride(TG)and cholesterol(TC)of the control group were not statistically different from those before the intervention(P>0.05);but the MNA score,MAC,CC,PA,ALB of the observation group increased,and were statistically different from those of the control group(P<0.01;P<0.001).Comparing the change values before and after the intervention between the two groups(after the intervention-before the intervention),the changes in the MNA score,MAC,CC,PA,ALB,TC of the observation group were statistically significant different from those of the control group(P<0.001;P<0.05).Conclusion Based on the results of MNA,the individualized dietary intervention for the elderly has a good effect on improving the nutritional status of the elderly,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.