基于离散元模型的冰阻力数值研究

Numerical simulation on ice resistance using the discrete element method

为了研究船舶冰阻力的预报方法,采用离散元模型对冰区航行船舶在平整冰中航行的冰阻力进行数值计算。船体结构由三角形网格离散,同时利用具有粘结-破碎特性的球体单元、三维拓展圆盘和拓展多面体单元构造海冰的离散元模型,并考虑拖曳力和浮力对海冰的影响。本文基于离散元方法,计算船模受到的总的冰阻力,研究海冰厚度、弯曲强度和航行速度对冰阻力的影响,并与Lindqvist经验模型计算的冰阻力进行了分析比较。研究结果可为冰区航行船舶冰阻力预报以及初步设计优化提供参考。

In order to research the method of ship-ice resistance prediction, the discrete element method is used to simulate the ice resistance of the ship navigating in the level ice regions. The hull structure is constructed by triangular mesh, and the discrete element model of sea ice is constructed by using spherical elements, three-dimensional extended disks and extended polyhedral elements with the characteristic of cohesive fragmentation, and the effect of buoyance and drag force are considered. Based on the discrete element method, the paper calculates the total ice resistance of ship model;analyzed the effects of sea ice thickness, bending strength and ship speed on ice resistance. Also the results of ice resistance are compared with Lindqvist models. The research results can provide reference for ice resistance prediction and preliminary design optimization of ice-going ships.