小型猪动脉粥样硬化模型研究进展

Miniature swine models of atherosclerotic disease

小型猪因在动脉解剖、生理等方面与人类十分相似,是目前研究动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)相关疾病最理想的模型。至今已有多种可以模拟小型猪AS模型的方法公布,除传统的高脂饲料+球囊拉伤外,还包括新方法如基因编辑诱导自发性高脂血症、冠脉壁局部注射脂质或炎症因子等。但目前尚无成熟、公认的小型猪冠状动脉粥样硬化模型。造模周期长、成功率低、花费高等是制约小型猪动物模型研究的瓶颈所在。现就适合造模的小型猪的品种、造模方法进行综述。

Miniature swine provide valuable research models for cardiovascular disease because their anatomical structure and physiological features are similar to those of human.Several studies have been published in which the miniature swine models of atherosclerosis have been established successfully.These models included general method of a high-fat diet plus balloon injury,as well as new method,such as gene editing-induced familial hypercholesteremia,and local intravascular delivery of lipid and inflammation factors.However,few of these models have been widely used.Long time consumption,high cost and huge heterogeneity among studies are problems that restrict application of these AS models.This article summarizes the breeds of miniature swine,the method used to establish atherosclerosis models,and the advantages and disadvantages of current models.