从“双到”扶贫到精准扶贫:广东农村扶贫体制的变革与发展

From“Double To”Poverty Alleviation to Targeted Poverty Alleviation:The Reform and Development of Rural Poverty Alleviation System in Guangdong

将扶贫资源传递到贫困户及贫困人口等目标人群,是扶贫理论与实践上一个难题。政府主导的开发式扶贫所包含的若干元素,都影响了扶贫资源的传递及其效率。自2009年后,广东农村扶贫体制经历了"双到"扶贫到精准扶贫的变革。在这一变革中,扶贫的组织机构、贫困户识别、扶贫资金对贫困人口覆盖、扶贫资金管理及扶贫考核制等有明显改进,但仍存在识别成本高昂、扶贫依赖于驻村工作队与扶贫干部,扶贫政策的着力点与贫困人口需求不一致、产业扶贫政策与实践存在较大偏差等难以克服的问题,因此,脱贫攻坚之后,作为乡村振兴战略重点的精准扶贫,在扶贫体制上应进一步变革,逐步实现扶贫治理模式的转变和形成良性社区发展。

It is a difficult problem in the theory and practice of poverty alleviation to transfer the poverty alleviation resources to the poor.Several elements of government-led development-oriented poverty alleviation all affect the efficiency of transmission and using of poverty alleviation resources.Since 2009,the rural poverty alleviation system in Guangdong province has undergone a transformation from"double to"poverty alleviation to targeted poverty alleviation.the system of poverty alleviation have many improvements,such as poverty alleviation has become more organized,the accuracy of identifying poor people has been improved,and limited funds are available to cover more and more the poor,funds for poverty alleviation were more strictly managed,assessment of poverty alleviation is more reasonable,but there are still many insurmountable problem,it include that the cost of identifying the poor is very high,poverty alleviation depends on the working group and cadres in Village,the needs of the poor are being ignored,there is a big deviation between policy and practice of industrial poverty alleviation.Therefore,after the crucial against poverty,the system of targeted poverty reduction as the most important of rural revitalization should be further change,gradually form a benign community gradually form a benign community development and governance model.