2015-2018年宁夏回族自治区银川市鼠疫自然疫源地监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results of plague natural foci in Yinchuan City,Ningxia from 2015 to 2018

目的了解宁夏回族自治区银川市鼠疫疫源地鼠类种群密度分布动态特征,为预警鼠疫疫情发生提供参考。方法采用资料回顾性分析方法,收集2015-2018年银川市鼠疫监测结果及疫情报告,资料来源于银川市疾病预防控制中心资料库。应用描述性方法分析鼠疫疫源地鼠种类、数量、密度、鼠体蚤、媒介指数及病原学和血清学检测结果。结果2015-2018年,在银川市鼠疫疫源地共捕获鼠类4科、8属、13种、8843只,长爪沙鼠(4557只)为优势种。宿主动物密度调查面积为1459 hm2,捕获鼠3805只,平均鼠密度为2.61只/hm2,其中长爪沙鼠密度为1.98只/hm2。共调查夜间活动鼠类41488夹次,捕获鼠2660只,平均捕鼠率为6.41%。共获蚤6952匹,隶属4科、7属、8种,同型客蚤指名亚种(4597匹)和秃病蚤蒙冀亚种(1761匹)为优势种。其中,染蚤鼠2286只,鼠体染蚤率为25.85%(2286/8843),体蚤指数为0.76;调查沙鼠巢220个,鼠巢染蚤率为34.55%(76/220),巢蚤指数为0.98。病原学检测鼠蚤均未分离出鼠疫菌;血清学间接血凝试验检测结果均为阴性。结论长爪沙鼠是银川市鼠疫疫源地优势鼠种,平均鼠密度仍然较高,应高度警惕疫源地鼠疫疫情发生。

Objective To analyze the dynamic characteristics of rodents population density distribution in plague foci of Yinchuan City,Ningxia,and to provide reference for early warning of the plague.Methods The plague surveillance results and epidemic reports of Yinchuan City from 2015 to 2018 were collected retrospectively,and the data were obtained from the database of Yinchuan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Descriptive method was used to analyze the species,number,density,fleas,vector index,etiology and serology results of rodents in the plague foci.Results From 2015 to 2018,4 families,8 genera,13 species,and 8843 rodents were captured in the plague foci of Yinchuan City,and Meriones unguiculatus(4557 rodents)was the dominant species.The survey area of host animal density was 1459 hm2,3805 rodents were captured,and the average density was 2.61/hm2,of which the Meriones unguiculatus density was 1.98/hm2.A total of 41488 traps of nocturnal rodents were investigated,and 2660 rodents were captured,with an average capture rate of 6.41%.A total of 6952 fleas were obtained,belonging to 4 families,7 genera,and 8 species;Xenopsylla conformis conformis(4597 fleas)and Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi(1761 fleas)were the dominant species.Among them,there were 2286 flea-infected rodents,the body flea-infected rate was 25.85%(2286/8843),and the body flea-infected index was 0.76.A total of 220 gerbils nests were investigated,and the nest flea-infected rate was 34.55%(76/220),and the nest flea-infected index was 0.98.No plague bacterium was isolated by pathogen detection of rodents and fleas.The results of indirect hemagglutination test were all negative.Conclusion The Meriones unguiculatus is the dominant species in the plague foci of Yinchuan City,the average density is still high,attention should be paid to the occurrence of plague outbreaks.