德国二元制职业教育的制度环境构建及启示

Institutional Environment Development for Dual System in German y and Its Implication

德国职业教育的发展史也是政府职业教育立法的发展史。德国政府通过立法构建了完善的二元制职业教育的法律规制制度环境。培训企业的严格审查制度、培训学生的择优录取制度、集体模式与分散模式并存的培训制度、多方合作的管理制度、完善的质量评估体系以及教育成本共担机制等各种规范性行为制度支撑起德国二元制职业教育的社会规范制度环境。对职业的认同、“为职业而教育”的教育观成就了德国二元制职业教育独特的文化认知制度环境。德国二元制职业教育的制度环境为我国二元制职业教育发展提供借鉴。

The history of German vocational education is also the legal history of vocational education.The German government has established a perfect legal environment for dual vocational education through legislation.The social normative institutional environment is supported by various normative systems such as strict censorship for training enterprises,preferential admission system for trainees,unique training system which allows the coexistence of collective mode and decentralized mode,and management system of multiparty cooperation.The recognition of occupation and the concept of education for occupation have contributed to a unique institutional environment of cultural identity.The institutional environment of German dual system has the following implications for the educational practices in China:1)Improving the legal institutional environment for dual vocational education;2)Specializing human capital;3)Ensuring the rights and interests of enterprises in dual vocational education;4)Developing a strict quality monitoring system;5)Forming cultural atmosphere of respecting skills and craftsmen.