摘要
自我认知积极错觉偏差(positive illusory bias,PIB)是指儿童的自我评价与其客观表现和外部评价者对其评价不相符的现象。PIB已经成为注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder,ADHD)儿童研究的一个重要方向,并取得了大量研究成果。文章首次系统总结了相关的研究,介绍了ADHD儿童PIB的表现、PIB对ADHD儿童的影响,并系统阐述了ADHD儿童PIB现象的四个理论解释:自我保护假说、神经心理缺陷假说、认知不成熟假说和能力不足忽视假说。在此基础上,从采用多评估者方法更好地研究PIB的表现、采用聚合交叉研究方法探讨PIB对ADHD儿童的影响、以综合视角探究ADHD儿童PIB的成因、从PIB的角度对ADHD儿童进行干预研究等四个方面提出了未来研究的建议。
Positive illusory bias(PIB)in self-perceptions refers to the phenomenon that children’s self-evaluation is higher than their objective performance and external evaluators’evaluation.The present paper systematically summarized the relevant studies on the PIB in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD).First,the behavioral expression of PIB in ADHD children and the influence of PIB on them were introduced.Then,the following four theories to explain the PIB in ADHD children were elaborated with both positive and negative evidences:self-protective hypothesis,neuropsychological deficit hypothesis,cognitive immaturity hypothesis,and ignorance of incompetence hypothesis.Finally,several suggestions for future research were provided,including adopting the multi-informant method to better understand the features of PIB,using the cross-sectional design to explore the impact of PIB,exploring the causes of PIB with a comprehensive perspective,and utilizing novel intervention ways based on the PIB in ADHD children.
作者
刘旭丹
程素萍
胡治国
LIU Xu-dan;CHENG Su-ping;HU Zhi-guo(Institute of Psychological Sciences,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;Department of Psychology,Faculty of Education,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China)
出处
《中国临床心理学杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期536-541,共6页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology
基金
浙江省自然科学基金项目“ADHD儿童的情绪调节异常及其脑机制研究”(LY19C090001)
浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目“有留守经历大学生幸福感提升的干预研究——基于叙事治疗取向”(项目编号:17NDJC074YB)。
