母亲亲职压力与学前儿童社会能力的关系:教养方式的中介作用

Maternal Parenting Stress and Preschooler’s Social Competence:Mediating Effects of Parenting Style

目的:探讨母亲教养方式(专制教养和权威教养)在母亲亲职压力和学前儿童社会能力之间的中介作用。方法:随机选取上海市两所公办幼儿园205名学前儿童及其母亲进行间隔一年的纵向调查,在两个时间点由母亲分别完成亲职压力量表、教养方式量表以及儿童社会能力和行为量表。结果:①亲职压力与专制教养正相关(r=0.36,P<0.001),与权威教养负相关(r=-0.32,P<0.001),与儿童社会能力负相关(r=-0.46,P<0.001);专制教养与社会能力负相关(r=-0.31,P<0.001);权威教养与社会能力正相关(r=0.42,P<0.001);②亲职压力可以显著负向预测儿童的社会能力(B=-0.49,P<0.001);③专制教养(B=-0.08,P<0.05)和权威教养(B=-0.14,P<0.01)分别在亲职压力和儿童社会能力间起部分中介作用。结论:母亲亲职压力既可以直接影响儿童社会能力,也可以通过教养方式(权威和专制)间接影响儿童社会能力。

Objective:To explore the mediating role of maternal parenting style(authoritarian parenting and authoritative parenting)in the relations between maternal parenting stress and preschooler’s social competence.Methods:Participants included 205 parents of preschool children randomly selected from two public kindergartens in Shanghai,and followed up for one year.Mothers completed Parenting Stress Index,Parenting Style Scale and children’s Social Competence and Behavior Scale at two time points.Results:①Parenting stress was positively correlated with authoritarian parenting style(r=0.36,P<0.001),and negatively correlated with authoritative parenting style(r=-0.32,P<0.001)and children’s social competence(r=-0.46,P<0.001);Authoritarian parenting style was negatively correlated with social competence(r=-0.31,P<0.001);Authoritative parenting style was positively correlated with social competence(r=0.42,P<0.001);②Parent⁃ing stress significantly and negatively predicted children’s social competence(B=-0.49,P<0.001);③Authoritarian(B=-0.08,P<0.05)and authoritative(B=-0.14,P<0.01)parenting style played a partial mediating role between Parenting stress and children’s social competence respectively.Conclusion:Maternal parenting stress has direct effects on children’s social competence and indirect effects through parenting style(authoritarian parenting and authoritative parenting).