我国孕妇妊娠期压力研究现状

Progress on prenatal maternal stress among pregnant women in China

自2015年,我国出台全面二胎新政策举措,以解决当前人口数量增长与经济持续发展问题,有再生意愿的孕妇数量明显增加。妊娠是妇女生命历程中的重要事件和特殊阶段,在怀孕至分娩的整个过程中,伴随着身体、心理、经济和社会等多方面变化,随之产生的各种矛盾和问题相互作用,孕妇容易出现不同程度的妊娠期压力。在我国,大部分孕妇在孕期出现不同水平的妊娠期压力问题,妊娠期压力对于母亲、婴儿和其整个家庭会带来不良的影响,妊娠压力会导致胎儿的早产或者流产等不良结局,同时孕妇易出现妊娠并发症、不同程度的抑郁或焦虑等心理问题,进而对整个家庭功能也会造成不良影响。因此,如何落实全面二胎政策,帮助孕妇及其家庭顺利渡过整个孕期,减轻孕妇妊娠期压力,改善孕妇家庭各项功能,促进母婴身心健康结局,对妇产科医务工作者和管理者提出了一个新的考验与挑战。然而,现阶段我国缺乏相关针对孕妇妊娠期压力管理的干预性研究,同时由于压力测量方法和界定压力水平的标准不一,我国各地孕妇妊娠期压力水平也不尽相同。因此,本文针对我国孕妇妊娠期压力水平的现况进行系统地梳理,并对其影响因素进行综述,旨在为建立科学的妊娠期压力评价和管理体系提供理论依据,以期缓解孕妇妊娠期压力,提高孕妇生活质量,促进孕妇和胎儿的身心健康。

In order to cope with population and economic development,the Chinese government implemented a compre-hensive"two child policy"in 2015,with a significant increase in the number of re-pregnant women.Pregnancy is an im-portant event and special stage in women's life course.During the whole process from pregnancy to delivery,with the changes of body,psychology,economy and society,various contradictions and problems will interact with each other,as a result,there are different degrees of pregnancy pressure among pregnant women.In China,pregnant women generally have different levels of prenatal maternal stress.Prenatal maternal stress will have a negative impact on the mother and the baby or the whole family.Prenatal maternal stress will lead to premature birth or miscarriage of the fetus and other ad-verse outcomes.At the same time,pregnant women are prone to pregnancy complications,depression or anxiety and other psychological problems,which will also have a negative impact on the whole family function.Therefore,how to imple-ment the comprehensive two child policy,help pregnant women and their families through the whole pregnancy,reduce the pressure of pregnant women during pregnancy,improve the functions of pregnant women and their families,and pro-mote the physical and mental health outcome of mothers and infants,has put forward a new challenge to the medical staff of obstetrics and gynecology.However,at present,there is a lack of intervention research on the management of pregnant women's stress during pregnancy in China.At the same time,due to the different methods of stress measurement and the standards of defining the stress level,the stress level of pregnant women in different parts of China is also different.Therefore,this paper systematically combs the current situation of prenatal maternal stress level of pregnant women in China,and summarizes its influencing factors.It aims to provide theoretical basis for establishing a scientific evaluation and management system of pregnancy stress,in order to alleviate the pressure of pregnancy,improve the quality of life of pregnant women,and promote the physical and mental health of pregnant women and fetus.