摘要
目前关于在《联合国海洋法公约》下缔结一份有法律拘束力的国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性(BBNJ)国际协定的立法进程已经进入到关键阶段,如何设计争端解决程序已成为各国在谈判中争论的焦点。现有的关于争端解决机制的提案主要有六类。判定这些提案优劣至少可以有四大标准,即遵循国际法上的国家同意原则、确保解决争端的“成本效益性”、“不损害”现有的文书、框架和机构,以及保持相关国家之间利益的平衡。运用这些标准来对现有提案进行评析可以发现,现有提案中除了有关“技术性争端”和“临时措施”的争端解决机制基本符合研提的主要标准外,其他提案均面临一些法律障碍或挑战而有待进一步完善。建议对“零案文草案”第55条进行完善,一方面增加涉及“技术性争端”和“临时措施”的条款,另一方面通过限定《联合国海洋法公约》第十五部分第二节“导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序”的适用来更好地体现国家同意原则。
The regulatory process on developing an internationally legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction(BBNJ)under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)has come to a vital stage.How to make the appropriate dispute settlement mechanisms has become the focus of intergovernmental negotiations.Presently,there are mainly 6 types of proposals on dispute settlement,which could be judged by 4 criteria.A preliminary assessment of the proposals reveals that except for proposals on technical disputes and provisional measures,other proposals are confronted with certain legal barriers.It is proposed that Article 55 of the Zero Draft could be further improved and properly adapted to meet the needs of the BBNJ Agreement.
作者
施余兵
SHI Yubing(Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China)
出处
《太平洋学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期12-26,共15页
Pacific Journal
基金
国家社科基金重大专项“公海保护区国际规则制定研究”(19VHQ006)
中国海洋发展研究会重点项目“公海保护区与全球海洋空间规划制度研究”(CAMAZD201904)的阶段性研究成果。
