国家管辖范围以外区域海洋遗传资源开发的国际争议与消解——兼谈“南北对峙”中的中国角色

Controversies in ABNJ Marine Genetic Resources Exploitation and Their Resolution:On the Role of China in the“South-North Divides”

当前国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性(BBNJ)养护和可持续利用的国际协定磋商已经进入“深水区”。其中,国家管辖范围以外区域海洋遗传资源的开发与成果分享也被纳入国际协定磋商“一揽子”议题。国家管辖范围以外区域海洋遗传资源开发利用谈判中的争议集中表现为遗传资源法律属性、获取管理、惠益分享三个方面。淡化遗传资源权属争议,以落实惠益分享为目的对遗传资源获取进行适度管理,以交换正义为原则推进遗传资源惠益分享机制的建立,是化解该海域遗传资源开发争议的基本路径。在当前发展中国家与发达国家“南北对峙”的协定谈判僵局下,在认知南北冲突成因基础上,中国应以人类命运共同体理念为指引,在坚持谈判原则的同时,善用大国地位化解南北对立,同时通过提出创新性制度提案,引领国家管辖范围以外区域海洋全球公域治理的国际合作进程。

The international negotiation on marine biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in areas beyond national jurisdiction(ABNJ)has entered the deep-water zone,in which the exploitation of ABNJ marine genetic resources and the benefit-sharing have been incorporated into the agenda package.There are three key aspects to be resolved promptly,the legal status,the management of access,and the benefit-sharing.Dissolving disputes over ownership of genetic resources,properly managing the access to genetic resources to implement the benefit-sharing mechanism,and promoting fair and equitable benefit-sharing under the principle of justifiable exchange are main approaches to resolve conflicts.In such a impasse of“South-North divides”,China,as a major power,should insist on the negotiation principles,and promote the resolution of conflicts between the South and the North with the guiding principle of a community with a shared future for mankind.Meanwhile,China should push forward innovative institutional proposals to lead the international cooperation in the ABNJ global governance.