耕作方式与秸秆还田对麦后复种花生水分利用及籽仁品质的影响

Effects of Tillage Methods and Straw Returning on Water Utilization and Kernel Quality of Peanut Multiple Cropped with Wheat

小麦-花生一年两熟是解决粮油争地矛盾、实现粮油自给的重要途径,小麦收获后复种花生是麦油两熟的主要种植方式。本试验在前茬小麦收获后设置3种耕作方式--深耕(DT)、旋耕(RT)、免耕(NT)和2种秸秆还田方式--全量还田(S)、不还田,研究耕作方式与秸秆还田对麦后复种花生水分利用以及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与旋耕和免耕处理相比,深耕处理降低了0~30 cm土层的土壤紧实度,提高了水分利用率及籽仁蛋白质和粗脂肪含量。在相同的耕作方式下,与秸秆不还田处理相比,秸秆还田处理降低了0~30 cm土层的土壤紧实度,提高了水分利用率以及籽仁蛋白质和粗脂肪含量。

The multiple cropping of wheat and peanut in a year is an important way to solve the contradiction of planting grain and oil crops and realize grain and oil self-sufficiency,whose main mode is planting peanut after wheat harvest.In this experiment,three tillage methods including deep tillage(DT),rotary tillage(RT)and no-tillage(NT),and two straw returning methods including full returning(S)and no returning were designed as six treatments(DTS,RTS,NTS,DT,RT and NT)after wheat harvest,and their effects on water utilization and kernel quality of peanut were studied.The results showed that compared with rotary tillage and no-tillage treatments,the soil compactness in 0~30-cm layer reduced,and the water use efficiency and kernel protein and crude fat contents of peanut increased under deep tillage treatment.Under the same tillage mode,compared with no straw returning,the soil compactness in 0~30-cm layer reduced,and the water use efficiency and kernel protein and crude fat contents of peanut increased under straw returning treatment.