长期定位施肥条件下土壤理化性质的演变

Evolution Analysis of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties under Long-Term Positioning Fertilization Condition

为揭示施肥对土壤可持续利用的影响,本研究以持续10年小麦-玉米轮作方式下的长期定位施肥试验为平台,探究不同施肥处理对土壤肥力的演变规律。结果表明:10年不施肥或不施用氮肥(PK),土壤pH值没有显著变化,土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量偏低;10年施用氮肥(NP、NK和NPK处理)土壤pH值有降低的趋势,且以NPK处理降低趋势最为明显;10年施用氮肥土壤有机质变化不大、全氮含量有增加的趋势。10年不施用磷肥(CK、NK)土壤有效磷含量降幅达78%;10年施用磷肥土壤有效磷含量维持较高的水平且基本保持稳定。10年不施用钾肥(CK、NP)土壤有效钾含量降至80 mg·kg^-1左右,10年施用钾肥土壤有效钾含量维持在120 mg·kg^-1左右,其中NK、NPK处理有增加的趋势。因此,在土壤培肥中,要关注氮肥对土壤pH值的响应,对磷肥和钾肥要合理的运筹。

In order to reveal the effect of fertilization on sustainable use of soil,the long-term positioning fertilization tests from 2009 to 2018 under wheat and corn rotation mode were used to study the evolution rule of soil fertility under different fertilization treatments.The results showed that under the treatments without fertilization(CK treatment)or without nitrogen fertilizer application(PK treatment)lasted for 10 years,the soil p H did not change significantly and the soil organic matter,total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen contents were lower.The pH value of soil applied with nitrogen fertilizer(NP,NK and NPK treatments)showed the trend of decrease in the 10 years,especially under NPK treatment.There was little change in soil organic matter and the total nitrogen content increased in the 10 years under nitrogen application treatments.The available phosphorus content of soil without applying phosphorus fertilizer(CK and NK treatments)reduced by 78%in the 10 years,while that with applying phosphorus fertilizer maintained high level and basically remained stable.The available potassium content of soil without applying potash fertilizer(CK and NP treatments)reduced to about 80 mg·kg^-1 in the 10 years,while that with potash fertilizer application maintained around 120 mg·kg^-1,among them,the NK and NPK treatments had the trend of increase.Therefore,we should pay attention to the response of nitrogen fertilizer to the p H value of soil,and properly manage the application of phosphate and potash fertilizers in soil fertilization.