外源益生菌对塑料袋发酵全株青绿玉米霉变的影响

Effects of Exogenous Probiotics on Mildewing of Whole Green Corn Fermented in Plastic Bag

本试验旨在确定塑料袋发酵全株青绿玉米中霉变真菌的属性,研究添加益生菌(含有乳酸菌与枯草芽孢杆菌)对霉变的影响。将乳熟期全株青绿玉米粉碎后分为两部分,分别添加益生菌及不加菌,进行塑料袋厌氧发酵,后分别取霉变全株玉米及无霉斑正常全株玉米检测。结果显示,霉变真菌为假丝酵母、烟红曲霉和酿酒酵母,霉变增加烟红曲霉多样性,而加菌减少酿酒酵母多样性;霉变提高酵母含量、pH、丙二醛含量、NADH氧化酶活性等指标值(P<0. 01),减少乳酸菌含量及乳酸脱氢酶活性(P<0. 05);添加外源菌提高未霉变玉米中的乳酸菌含量,也提高霉变玉米中的酵母含量,降低霉变玉米的总抗氧化能力和乳酸脱氢酶活性(P<0. 05)。对于全株玉米的乳酸菌和酵母含量,霉变和加菌互作效应显著(P<0. 05)。因此建议添加外源菌预防玉米霉变时应考虑乳酸菌和酵母的互作。

The experiment was aimed to determine the fungi properties in the mildewing process of whole green corn fermented in plastic bags and study the effects of adding probiotics(containing Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis)on mildewing.The whole green corn at milk-ripe stage was crushed and divided into two parts,and one part fermented in plastic bags after adding probiotics while the other part fermented with no bacteria.The samples of mildew part and no mildew part collected from the above treatments were used as experimental materials.The results showed that the fungi were Candida humilis,Monascus fuliginosus and Saccharomyces barnettii in the mildewing process.The diversity of Monascus fuliginosus increased by mildewing,while that of Saccharomyces barnettii reduced by adding probiotics.The yeast content,p H value,malondialdehyde content,NADH oxidase activity and other indicators increased significantly(P<0.01),and the Lactobacillus content and lactate dehydrogenase activity reduced significantly(P<0.05)in mildewing process.The Lactobacillus content of fermented corn without mildew and the yeast content of mildew corn increased by adding probiotics,but the total antioxidant capacity and lactate dehydrogenase activity of mildew corn reduced(P<0.05).The interaction of mildewing and adding probiotics had significant effect on the Lactobacillus and yeast contents of whole green corn.Therefore,it was suggested that the interaction between Lactobacillus and yeast should be considered when the exogenous probiotics was added to prevent mildewing of whole green corn fermented in plastic bag.