中学生高等教育期望的性别差异及其成因

The Gender Differences of Middle School Students’Higher Education Expectations and Their Causes

高等教育获得的性别差异反转逐渐成为备受关注的议题。自“威斯康星模型”被广泛认同以来,教育期望是预测教育获得的有效指标,因而高等教育期望性别差异成为解释高等教育获得性别差异的理想视角。运用“CEPS”数据,考察中学生社会化过程中重要他人对其高等教育期望的影响及影响效应的性别差异。研究发现:第一,女生更期望接受高等教育;第二,父母期望女生接受高等教育的概率更大,女生获得教师的鼓励更多,且女生同伴群体上进程度更高;第三,女生更期望接受高等教育现象除了可从同伴群体文化中获得部分解释,两性学生高等教育期望固有差异亦是重要原因。

Gender differences of the expectations for higher education become an ideal perspective to explain the gender differences in receiving higher education.This article uses the data from“China Education Panel Study”data to examine the impact of important others on the expectation of higher education of middle school students,and to examine the gender differences of its effects.The study found that,firstly,girls more expect higher education;secondly,parents are more likely to expect women to receive higher education,and girls are more encouraged by teachers and more productive among girls’peer groups;thirdly,girls more expect higher education,which in addition to being explained by the peer group effect,the inherent differences in the expectations of both sexes are also important.