关注德育领域中的“判断”——基于阿伦特“判断”理论

On Youth’s“Judgment”in the Field of Moral Education:Based on Arendt’s“Judgment”Theory

阿伦特发现,置身流变的现代社会,人类行为的规范和标准所依赖的原则不断遭遇解构的命运。在无绝对法则可依傍的处境中,“判断”作为一种严格的道德力量能够帮助人们明辨是非。尽管如此,“判断”问题在当代社会普遍存在,人们并不必然会去判断或是能去判断,尤其是正处于道德建构过程中的青少年。烛照德育领域,青少年“判断”问题主要表现为技术理性的蔓延削弱了德育的实践性、社会性的追求消磨了青少年的自我性。为完善德育中的“判断”问题,必须挖掘阿伦特“判断”理论的无尽藏,从优化榜样教育、彰显人的开创性、学会慎独敏思、合理投身他人等方面切入。

Arendt found that in a changing modern society,the principles on which human norms and standards depend are constantly encountering the fate of deconstruction.In situations where there is no absolute rule to rely on,“judgment”as a strict moral force can help people distinguish right from wrong.Nevertheless,the problem of“judgment”is widespread in contemporary society.People do not necessarily judge or can judge,especially young people who are in the process of moral construction.In the field of moral education,the issue of“judgment”mainly manifests as the spread of technical rationality weakens the practical and social pursuit of moral education and consumes the self-awareness of young people.In order to improve the problem of“judgment”in moral education,we must dig into the endless collection of Arendt’s“judgment”theory,starting from the four aspects of optimizing role model education,showing people’s groundbreaking,learning to be cautious,and devoting others reasonably.