骶髂关节螺钉新型辅助置钉技术的研究进展

Research on novel auxiliary placement techniques for sacroiliac screws

骨盆骨折是创伤骨科常见的严重损伤。对于无移位或移位较小的骨盆后环骨折,经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定是一种有效的微创固定方法,能够使患者早期负重和进行功能锻炼,在临床中被广泛应用。为提高置钉准确性、降低手术风险,多种新型辅助置钉方法被引入骨科领域,如三维导航技术、3D打印技术和骨科机器人技术等。这些新技术置钉精准、各具优势,为手术操作提供便利的同时,也存在一定缺点和局限。本文就上述3种辅助置钉方法的研究进展进行综述,探讨其优缺点和安全性,以期为临床医生在使用骶髂关节螺钉内固定治疗骨盆骨折的过程中如何选择和利用新的辅助技术提供参考。

Pelvic fracture is a common serious injury in traumatic orthopedics.Internal fixation with percutaneous sacroiliac screws is an effective minimally invasive method widely applied in clinic which enables the patients to carry out early weight-bearing and functional exercise.Novel auxiliary placement techniques for sacroiliac screws have been introduced into the field of orthopaedics to improve placement accuracy and reduce operative risk,such as 3D navigation,3D printing and orthopedic robots.These new techniques have advantages of precision and convenience,but their disadvantages and limitations cannot be ignored.This article reviews the research progress in the above 3 auxiliary techniques for placement of sacroiliac screws,and discuss their advantages,disadvantages and safety,hoping to provide a reference for clinicians who want to choose a new auxiliary placement technique in the treatment of pelvic fractures with sacroiliac screws.