俄罗斯飞机模型动态试验与失速/过失速模态研究回顾

Summary of dynamically scaled aircraft model experiments and stall/post-stall(spin)mode research in Russia

前苏联/俄罗斯拥有众多知名的飞机设计局,在过去的一个世纪里,形成了完备的飞机科研体系。飞机失速/过失速(尾旋)是飞机研制的重要方面之一,前苏联/俄罗斯各飞机设计局以及其它航空科研机构在该问题上投入了巨大的人力和物力,在风洞静态试验研究之外,还利用动态试验技术深入研究了不同布局飞机的失速/过失速特性,这些试验包括风洞虚拟飞行试验、尾旋风洞自由飞尾旋试验、尾旋风洞旋转天平试验、投放式模型自由飞试验、火箭助推式模型自由飞试验等。这些动态试验对俄罗斯飞机的边界/超边界飞行研究发挥了重要作用。对前苏联/俄罗斯各飞机设计局的飞机在研制过程中,针对失速/过失速模态的动态试验进行回顾,对国内飞机研制提供帮助。

The former Soviet Union/Russia have many well-known aircraft design bureaus.In the past century,a complete aircraft research system has been formed.Aircraft stall/post stall(spin)is one of the important aspects on aircraft development.Aircraft design bureaus of the former Soviet Union/Russia and other aeronautical research institutions have invested huge manpower and material resources in this issue.In addition to the static test research of wind tunnel,dynamic test technology is also used to study the stall/post stall characteristics of aircraft with different layout.These tests include wind tunnel virtual flight test,spin tunnel free flight spin test,rotary balance test,drop model free flight test,rocket powered model free flight test and so on.These dynamic tests play a very important role in the research of Russian aircraft’s boundary/super boundary flight.In this paper,the dynamic tests of stall/post stall modes in the development process of the aircraft in the aircraft design bureaus of the former Soviet Union/Russia are reviewed,which will help the development of large aircraft in China.