硒肥对植物工厂水培生菜生长及品质的影响

Effect of selenium fertilizers on growth and quality of hydroponic lettuce in plant factory

以奶油生菜(‘荷兰富兰德里’)为试验材料,通过在植物工厂水培营养液中添加相同硒含量(0.5 mg·L^-1)的硒酸钠、亚硒酸钠、硒代甲硫氨酸和农用硒肥4种硒肥,研究施用不同硒肥对生菜营养生长、品质以及硒含量的影响。结果表明,施用农用硒肥可促进生菜的营养生长,提高生菜品质及硒含量。施用硒代甲硫氨酸作为硒肥能够显著提高生菜的可溶性蛋白(增加1.1倍)、氨基酸(增加44.12%)、纤维素(增加18.95%)和硒含量(增加441.5倍),并且有效降低生菜的硝酸盐含量(减少23.23%),但是不利于水培生菜的生长,并且降低了生菜的产量(减少51.67%)。施用硒酸钠、亚硒酸钠和农用硒肥均能显著提高水培生菜的维生素C(分别增加57.58%、36.58%、30.67%)和硒含量(分别增加8.13倍、36.02倍、43.02倍),降低生菜的硝酸盐含量(分别减少34.09%、29.32%、20.87%),并有利于生菜的生长和提高生菜的产量(分别增加17.5%、21.67%、40%)。相比之下,农用硒肥的效果要更好,且农用硒肥与其他3种硒肥相比价格最便宜。植物工厂生产富硒生菜营养液农用硒肥适宜质量分数为0.5 mg·L^-1。

In order to produce selenium enriched lettuce,buttered lettuce(fulandri)was used as the experimental material.The effects of different selenium fertilizers on the growth,quality and selenium content of lettuce were studied by adding the same selenium concentration(0.5mg·L^-1)of sodium selenate,sodium selenite,selenomethionine and agricultural selenium fertilizer into the hydroponic nutrient solution of plant factory.The results showed that the application of agricultural selenium fertilizer can promote the growth of lettuce,improve the quality and selenium content of lettuce.Application of selenomethionine as selenium fertilizer can significantly increase the soluble protein by 1.1 times,amino acid incresed by 44.12%,cellulose by 18.95%and selenium content by 441.5 times of lettuce,and effectively reduce the nitrate content by 23.23%of lettuce,but it is not conducive to the growth of Hydroponic Lettuce,and it reduces the yield by 51.67%of lettuce.The application of sodium selenate,sodium selenite and agricultural selenium fertilizer can significantly increase the vitamin C by 57.58%,36.58%and 30.67%respectively and selenium content by 8.13 times,36.02 times and 43.02 times respectively of hydroponic lettuce,reduce the nitrate content by 34.09%,29.32%and 20.87%respectively of lettuce,and they are conducive to the growth of lettuce and increase the yield by 17.5%,21.67%,40%respectively of lettuce.Compared with other fertilizers,the effect of agricultural selenium fertilizer is better,and the price of agricultural selenium fertilizer is the cheapest compared with other three selenium fertilizers.The plant factory produces selenium enriched lettuce with 0.5 mg·L^-1 selenium fertilizer application.