新冠疫情考验全球公共卫生治理

COVID-19 Tests Global Health Governance

新冠肺炎疫情的暴发和在全世界的流行,威胁人类生命安全与健康,引发了一场全球公共卫生危机。这对全球公共卫生治理既是契机,也是考验。但不同层次上的国际合作状况有所不同,对全球治理的意义也有差异。从"促进公共卫生的全球治理"层面看,以联合国等为代表的全球性国际组织主要是从政治和经济上间接促进全球公共卫生治理,在这次抗疫过程中的作用有限。在"卫生问题全球治理"层面,世界卫生组织利用专业优势,在应对新冠肺炎疫情过程中发挥了关键的作用。在"支持全球公共卫生的治理"层面,比较突出的是东亚国家中中、日、韩和东盟国家在既有合作框架下进行了有意义的合作。非国家行为体积极投入国际抗疫合作,展现出非国家行为体的作用和潜力。中国政府和社会都积极参与公共卫生治理领域的国际合作,为全球抗击疫情作出了贡献。但因国际关系总体环境恶化,在应对疫情过程中,金砖组织并没有在已有的合作框架下启动应对疫情冲击的合作与对话。世界卫生组织因为个别国家的不负责任行为而受到指责,这对全球公共卫生治理是一个重大打击,也为其他领域的全球治理蒙上阴影。

The outbreak and rapid spread of Covid-19 to a global pandemic threaten human security and health,cause a global public health crisis,and offer an opportunity for and test to global health governance.International cooperation in addressing the pandemic at different levels signals different stories on global health governance.For global governance for health,international organizations with the United Nation as the center,which have facilitated global health governance through indirect means such as economic development and political coordination,has played very limited role.As for global health governance,the World Health Organization(WHO),availing its expertise in health,has played a key role in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic.At the level of governance for global health,China,Japan,and Republic of Korea as well as ten ASEAN Countries and the three East Asian Countries(10+3)have had coordinated concrete efforts within the existing regional multilateral cooperative mechanism.Non-state actors have been pro⁃actively engaged in the international endeavor to fight the pandemic,revealing their role and potential in global governance.The Chinese government and society have made due contribution to the war against the pandemic by actively involving in international cooperation on global health governance.Because of the deterioration in the overall relations among major countries,the UN has not taken any meaningful action,BRICS has been almost silent,the Shanghai Cooperative Organization has been quiet,and the WHO has been plagued by the irresponsible policy of some major countries and scape⁃goated by the geopolitical game among powers during the crisis.Such developments have struck big blow to global health governance,casting a shadow over global governance in other domains.