不同屠宰体质量大巴沙猪的胴体和肉质性状

Comparison and correlation analysis of the carcass and meat quality traits of Yorkshire×(Berkshire×Shaziling)pigs with different slaughter weights

以湘沙猪配套系商品猪大巴沙猪为研究对象,探讨不同屠宰体质量阶段(85~95、>95~105、>105~115 kg)对胴体性能和肌肉品质的影响,并分析性状间的相关性。结果表明:胴体性状方面,85~95 kg大巴沙猪的平均背膘厚最薄,腿臀比例最高,>95~105 kg大巴沙猪的瘦肉率最高,>105~115 kg大巴沙猪的屠宰率最高,胴体最长,眼肌面积最大;肉质性状方面,85~95 kg大巴沙猪的肌肉水分含量最高,肌内脂肪含量最低,>95~105 kg大巴沙猪的熟肉率、多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,饱和脂肪酸含量最低,>105~115kg大巴沙猪的系水力、肌内脂肪、肌苷酸、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,滴水损失、多不饱和脂肪酸含量最低;所有被测猪只的肌肉必需氨基酸,风味氨基酸和微量元素含量均很丰富;根据拟合优度建立了部分性状间的回归方程。综合分析,>105~115kg大巴沙猪的胴体性状佳、肌肉品质好,>105~115 kg为适宜上市屠宰体质量。

In this study,the finishing pigs of Yorkshire×(Berkshire×Shaziling)(YBS)named Xiangsha synthetic line were selected to explore the effect of different stages of slaughter weight(85-95,>95-105 and>105-115 kg)on carcass performance and meat quality.Their correlation between traits were also analyzed.The results demonstrated that the average backfat thickness,ham percentage in YBS pigs at the stage of 85-95 kg were both higher than that in other two stages.Lean percentage in YBS pigs at the stage of>95-105 kg was the highest,whereas the pigs at the stage of>105-115 kg had advantages in carcass yield,carcass length and lion-eye area.Regarding to the meat quality,it was showed that the muscle water content was highest and the intramuscular fat(IMF)content was lowest in YBS pigs at the stage of 85-95 kg.The cooked meat percentage and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)content were highest,and the saturated fatty acid(SFA)was lowest in YBS pigs at the stage of>95-105 kg.Meanwhile,compared with other two stages,the water holding capacity,IMF,inosinemonphosphate,SFA and monounsaturated fatty acid content were highest in YBS pigs at the stage of>105-115 kg,and the drip loss and PUFA content was lowest.Furthermore,the contents of essential fatty acid,flavor fatty acid and trace elements were abundant in all tested pigs.Moreover,according to the goodness of fit,regression equation was established between traits,which provides a basis for estimating relevant indicators.In conclusion,the YBS pigs with>105-115 kg slaughter weight had advantages in carcass performance and meat quality.The recommended weigh stage for market is>105-115 kg.