环保型角蛋白浆料的制备及性能研究

Preparation and Property Study of Environment-friendly Keratin Based Sizing Agent

聚乙烯醇(PVA)浆料在经纱上浆中应用广泛,但化学结构稳定,退浆产生大量难降解的废水,对生态环境造成了极大的负担。文中以成本低廉、来源广泛富含角蛋白的废弃毛羽为原料,研发了一种蛋白基环保纺织浆料,以解决退浆废水难降解的瓶颈问题。采用溶胀还原提取法进行了角蛋白提取研究,系统考察了溶胀还原体系对再生角蛋白弱损解构提取机理,优化了再生角蛋白的提取工艺。并研究了增塑改性对角蛋白浆料性能的提升。结果表明,以8 mol/L的尿素为溶胀剂,10.0%的半胱氨酸为还原剂,体系pH值为9.0,85℃下提取7 h,所得角蛋白分子量较大,产率约70.0%;三乙醇胺为增塑剂,用量为10.0%,所得角蛋白浆料性能较佳;角蛋白浆料上浆织物的退浆效果较好,生物降解性较佳。

At present,polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)is the most widely used sizing agent since it exhibits excellent film strength,wear resistance and high adhesiveness.However,the chemical structure of PVA is highly stable and its biodegradability is poor,which results in the high chemical oxygen demand for the desizing wastewater,leading to huge impact on environment.Therefore,it is imperative to develop biodegradable,environment-friendly sizing agent.In this research,a protein-based environment-friendly textile sizing was developed.Swelling and reducing methods were applied to the extraction of keratin and plastification was adopted to improve properties of protein sizing agent.The results showed that the optimized extraction was using 8 mol/L urea,10.0%cysteine at pH 9.0 and 85℃with reducing for 7 h,with high keratin molecular weight and 70.0%yield rate.Triethanolamine which was 10.0%as plasticizer could endow the protein sizing agent with the best performance.The desizing and biodegradability of the obtained sizing agent was satisfactory.