2013—2018年罐车公路运输危化品事故分析

Analysis on tank transportation accidents of hazardous chemicals from 2013 to 2018

为探究我国罐车公路运输危化品事故发生特征,考虑应急救援耗时问题及危化品类别、公路等级对应急救援耗时的影响,从人员伤亡情况、发生时间、区域、类别、原因等方面,系统、全面地分析2013—2018年间使用罐车运输危化品引发的事故。结果表明:事故起数和死亡人数分别以年均1.9%和20.8%的速率增长和下降;高温、低温时期、春节、每月12、13、24、27日和每日6:00-9:00时段为事故多发期;东部沿海地区部分省份为事故多发区域;主要交通事故类别、事故类型和事故原因分别为单方翻车事故、泄漏事故和人员因素;易燃类和液态危化品、高等级公路的事故较多;毒性物质(固态和液态)、爆炸品(液态和气态)和城市公路对应急救援耗时影响最大。

In order to explore characteristics of tanker transportation accidents of hazardous chemicals in China,with time consumption for emergency rescue and impacts of hazardous chemical categories and highway grades on rescue time taken into consideration,systematic and comprehensive analysis was conducted for such accidents between 2013 and 2018 from aspects of casualty,time,area,category,and cause.The results show that accidents'number and death toll increase at an average annual rate of 1.9%and decrease at 20.8%respectively.Both high and low temperature period,Chinese New Year,day 12,13,24 and 27 of each month and 6:00-9:00 every day are accident-prone periods;some provinces in the eastern coastal areas are frequent accident regions.Main category of traffic accidents,main type of accidents,and major causes are respectively unilateral rollover accidents,leakage accidents and personnel factors.Flammable and liquid hazardous chemicals and high-grade highway cause more accidents while toxic substances(solid and liquid),explosives(liquid and gaseous),and urban highways have the greatest impact on time consumption for emergency rescue.