客舱内呼吸道病原体传播机制与感染风险评估

Transmission mechanism of respiratory pathogens in aircraft cabin and infection risk assessment

为得出呼吸道病原体在飞机客舱内的传播特征,降低乘客的感染概率。首先,建立Boeing 737客舱仿真模型,利用Boeing 737试验舱和粒子图像测速法(PIV)验证客舱仿真模型的合理性;然后,基于客舱仿真模型与离散相模型(DPM)模拟患病乘客通过咳嗽和呼吸2种方式释放含有呼吸道病原体过程,得出呼吸道病原体的传播轨迹与速度;最后,基于Wells-Riley模型评估乘客的感染风险。结果表明:当传播时间达到200 s时,大部分呼吸道病原体的传播距离均在1 m以内;改变患病乘客的座位与飞机客舱的通风量,当患病乘客位于3号位置且客舱通风量为900 m3/h时,其余乘客感染风险概率下降至7.7%。

In order to study transmission law of respiratory pathogens in aircraft cabin and to reduce infection risk of passengers,firstly,a simulation model of Boeing 737 cabin was established and validated by using Boeing 737 experimental cabin and PIV.Then,release process of respiratory pathogens through coughing and breathing of sick passengers was simulated based on the model and DPM(discrete phase model),from which pathogens'trajectory and velocity were obtained.Finally,infection risk of passengers was assessed with Wells-Riley model.The results show that when transmission time reaches 200 s,transmission distance between most respiratory pathogens is within 1 m.By changing seats of sick passengers and ventilation in aircraft cabin,infection risk of remaining passengers can be reduced,which is 7.7%when sick passenger is at position 3 and ventilation of aircraft cabin is 900 m3/h.