从悠傲信件看13世纪欧洲旅行叙事中的蒙古人形象

Images of the Mongols in European Travel Narration in the Thirteenth Century as seen in the Letter of Yvo

1243年,法国拿波那人悠傲写给波尔多大主教的一封信件描述了蒙古军进攻奥地利小镇新城的战役,转述了一个战俘--蒙古军翻译、英格兰人的供词。信中悠傲作为历史见证者,战俘作为历史参与者,分别形塑蒙古人为"上帝之鞭"和欲征服世界者,打破了欧洲13世纪蒙古人形象塑造中基督文化书写的一统局面,是对这一时期欧洲人蒙古旅行叙事的有益补充。作为旅行者,悠傲和战俘塑造的都是战争背景下的蒙古人形象,既有特定历史时期的客观反映也存在一定的主观臆想,其不同乃源于宗教和世俗两种观照视角。

In a letter to the Archbishop of Burdeaux(1243),Yvo of Narbonne narrated a battle launched by the Mongol army against the New Town(Neustadt)of Austria,and he also reported a confession of the battle by a captive of war who was an English⁃man working as interpreter for the Mongol army.Yvo as an eyewitness and the captive as a participant of history,respectively con⁃structed the Mongolian image as the“the Scourge/Rod of God”and the people desiring to conquer the world,breaking the Chris⁃tian-cultural dominance in the construction of Mongolian image in the thirteenth century in Europe,and supplementing Europe⁃ans’travel narration of the Mongols of that time.As travelers,Yvo and the captive created the Mongol images against the backdrop of war,reflecting a specific historic period objectively as well as certain subjective surmise,and the differences are caused by two perspective approaches—a religious or a secular one.