《唐话纂要》唐音同字异读及其日本特色

A Study of the One-Word-Different-Pronunciation Phenomenon in Tōwa Sanyō’s Tōon and the Japanese Feature

18世纪初问世的《唐话纂要》是研究日本近世唐音的重要文献资料。本文指出该书唐音存在同字异读现象。该现象的出现并非偶然,而是有规律可循,本文综合日、汉语双方的音韵学知识,归纳出若干种可能的成因,包括江户时代假名表记法问题、不同汉语方言混入、日本人汉语语音感知不稳定等等。《唐话纂要》唐音异读与一般汉语的异读成因颇不相同,带有鲜明的日本特色和时代特征。

Tōwa Sanyō,which came out at the beginning of the eighteenth century,is an important document literature for studying Kinsei Tōon.This paper points out that many Chinese characters in the book have different pronunciations.This phenomenon is not accidental,but has regular rules.This article combines the phonological knowledge of both Japanese and Chinese,and summarizes several possible causes,including the problem of the writing system of kana in the Edo period,the mixing of different Chinese dialects,and Japanese people’s unstable Chinese speech perception,and so on.The phenomenon,a single Chinese character has different pronunciation,is quite different in Tōwa Sanyōfrom that of ordinary Chinese languages,with distinctive characteristics of local Japan and the times.