“中国威胁”的社会建构及解构对策--以国际传播对中国“北极威胁者”形象建构为例

The Social Construction and Deconstruction of “The China Threat”:A Case Study of the Construction of China’s “Arctic Threat” by the Western Mainstream Media

媒体语言具有建构功能。鉴于媒体语言的建构功能,深入研究国际主流媒体尤其是美国主流媒体对所谓中国"北极威胁者"形象的构建规律,是我们学者所肩负的扩大中国参与北极治理、维护合法权益的时代任务。本文通过对国际主流媒体关于中国参与北极报道的语言分析,发现频繁涉及"中国北极威胁"论调的话语主要来自美、英和东南亚部分国家主流媒体的报道。虽然其背后的动力机制不完全相同,但总体上看,"选择-传播-互动"是所谓中国"北极威胁者"形象的主要生成路径。有鉴于此,我国主流媒体应弱化报道中的大国指向和高级政治指向框定方式和倾向,语篇叙述应注重逻辑性和开放性,关键词选择上要避免泛化、约化和情感化。

The international identity and images are socially constructied. Media language is of an important constructive function. With the increase of China’s participation in the Arctic activities, the dissemination of China’s identity or image of "Arctic Threat" has created a growing negative impact on China. Therefore, it is important for us to study the role and path of international communication in constructing China’s "Arctic Threat" identity or image. Through the linguistic analysis of the content of the international mainstream media reports, we find that the discourse of China’ identity or image of "Arctic Threat" mainly comes from the mainstream media in United States, Britain, and Southeast Asia. The model of "selection-communication-interaction" is the main path of this identity or image formation, and the dynamic mechanisms behind it are different. In view of this, this paper suggests that the mainstream media of China should weaken its great power orientation and high-level political orientation in its reports, pay more attention to logic and openness in its discourse narrations, and avoid using generalizational, reductional and emotional keywords.