青青翠竹尽是法身,郁郁黄花无非般若——佛教生态主义及其相关表现

Where Thereis Bamboo and Flower,There is Dharma and Prajna:on Buddhism Ecology and Its Related Manifestations

佛教与生态环保的话题在今天经常被提起,这是佛教作为一种宗教在当代所展示的世俗价值,亦表明佛教与自然有着密切的关系。与其他宗教相比,佛教有着浓郁的自然生态主义的气质。佛教的价值观中还有着浓郁的生态主义诉求,这种生态主义诉求,乃是我们今天在环境保护语境中谈论佛教的学理基础。佛教生态主义,不但有佛教中无处不在的"花草树木"以为表征,更有着深刻的佛教历史、理论、制度和实践的基础。在中国佛教史上,不但"天下名山僧占多",而且植树造林和动物放生也被看成是一种佛教修行。至于禅宗,更是主张"青青翠竹尽是法身,郁郁黄花无非般若"而直接将"花草树木"本身就看成佛。若回溯源头,那么在佛教生态主义的语境中,佛教创始人释迦牟尼以生态主义的方式出生并住世,佛国世界是生态主义的乐园,就是现实中的佛教寺院也是一幅生态主义图景。总之,佛教生态主义赋予"花草树木"及其自然环境以佛的品质,将它们看作是佛法的体现,亦看作是与人类平等的存在,因而也与人一样有佛性。佛教的这种生态主义为我们提供了一种对自然充满人文关怀的深层生态观。

The topic of Buddhism and ecological environment protection is often mentioned today.This is the secular value of Buddhism as a religion in contemporary era,and it also shows that Buddhism has a close relationship with nature.Compared with other religions,Buddhism has a strong natural ecologist temperament.There is still a strong ecological appeal in Buddhism's values,which is the theoretical basis for us to talk about Buddhism in the context of environmental protection today.Buddhist ecology is not only characterized by the ubiquitous"flowers and trees"in Buddhism,but also has a profound foundation of Buddhist history,theory,system and practice.In the history of Chinese Buddhism,there exists a large number of monks in the renowned mountains,whose afforestation and animal release are regarded as a kind of Buddhist practice.As for Zen Buddhism,it advocates that"green bamboos are nothing but dharma,and yellow flowers are nothing but prajna",which directly regards"flowers,plants and trees"as Buddha itself.If we trace back in the context of Buddhism ecology,Sakyamuni,the founder of Buddhism,was born and lived in an ecologist way.The Buddhist world is a paradise of ecology,and even the Buddhist temple in reality is an ecologist picture.In a word,Buddhist ecology endows"flowers and trees"and their natural environment with the quality of Buddha,and regards them as the embodiment of Buddhism,as well as the equality with human beings,thus they also have Buddha nature like human beings.This Buddhist ecologism provides us with a deep ecological view of humanistic concern for nature.