苏联时期舞剧学理的探索与建构(上)--从乔治·诺维尔到维克多·万斯洛夫

Exploration and Construction of the Dance Drama Theory in the Soviet Union Times:From George Noverre to Victor Vancerov(Part One)

"苏联时期"指的是1917年"十月革命"后"苏维埃联盟共和国"成立至1991年"苏联解体"这一个时期。这一时期舞剧学理的探索与建构,要从"前苏联时期"的米哈伊尔·福金以及对其产生积极影响的法国舞剧革新家乔治·诺维尔入手。作为"情节芭蕾"的创始人,乔治·诺维尔所主张的"现实主义舞蹈"理论,对"芭蕾"作为"舞剧艺术"具有奠基的作用;而"前苏联时期"的俄罗斯芭蕾,可以说正是诺维尔奠基的法国芭蕾的继承与发展。诺维尔为推动舞剧革新而申说舞剧"现实性""真实性""诗实性"的特征。米哈伊尔·福金提出"新舞剧"的五项原则对舞剧艺术继续"革新",本质上追求的就是"自然性、表情性和真正的纯朴性"。罗·扎哈洛夫梳理"苏维埃舞剧的历史经验"是重大主题思想与鲜明民族形式的有机统一以及先进的思想艺术原则应坚持诺维尔的主张。而苏维埃共和国对"新舞剧"的诉求则与福金的革新主张相通,苏维埃舞剧已成为芭蕾舞戏剧,其中"情节舞"是内容表现基本的、有决定意义的传达者。

The Soviet Union times refers to the founding of the "Soviet Union Republic"after the "October Revolution"in 1917 to the "Collapse of the Soviet Union"in 1991. The exploration and construction of the dance drama theories in this period of time should begin with Mikhail Falkin in the "pre-Soviet Union times"and the French dance drama revolutionist George Noverre,who influenced Mikhail Falkin. As the creator of "plot ballet",the theory of "realism dance"proposed by George Noverre paved way for "ballet"as a "dance drama art". Russian ballet in the "pre-Soviet Union times"is the inheritance and development of French ballet founded by Noverre. Noverre argued the characters of"contemporaneity","authenticity"and "poem fact"of dance drama in order to innovate dance drama. Mikhail Falkin proposed five principles of"new dance drama"to continuously"innovate"dance drama art and the nature is to pursue the"naturality,expression and true purality". Lo Zakharov examined"the historical experience of Soviet dance drama",claiming that it is an organic union of significant ideology and unique ethnic forms and that advanced ideological art should adhere to the argument of Noverre. On the other hand,the appeal of Soviet Union Republic for "new dance drama"is in line with the innovative idea of Falkin. Soviet Union dance drama has become ballet drama,and "plot dance"is a conveyer of basic and decisive meanings.