日本食蚧蚜小蜂低温贮藏条件研究

Study on the low temperature storage conditions of Coccophagus japonicus Compere

日本食蚧蚜小蜂Coccophagus japonicus Compere为橡副珠蜡蚧Parasaissetia nigra Nietner的优势天敌之一。为了探明该蜂的贮藏条件,本研究将1日龄、3日龄的日本食蚧蚜小蜂蛹在10℃、12℃、14℃条件下分别贮藏7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、23、25、27 d,观察其羽化率及羽化后的成蜂寿命、产卵量、寄生率等。结果表明:日本食蚧蚜小蜂的羽化率随贮藏温度的升高呈上升趋势;同一温度贮藏相同时间后3日龄蛹羽化率均高于1日龄蛹。贮藏时间是日本食蚧蚜小蜂蛹存活的重要影响因子,3日龄蛹10℃贮藏7 d,羽化率为96.00%,贮藏27 d,羽化率仅为44.67%;12℃贮藏7 d,羽化率为96.67%,27 d蛹羽化率达88.00%;在14℃贮藏25 d后在人工气候箱内有小蜂羽化。低温贮藏蛹羽化后的成虫寿命随贮藏温度的降低而缩短;14℃贮藏后,羽化成蜂寿命随贮藏时间增加而显著缩短,10℃、12℃降低不明显;10℃贮藏23 d后寿命仅为10.11 d。3日龄蛹12℃贮藏19、21、23、25、27 d后羽化成蜂产卵量及寄生率均随贮藏时间的增加而降低,在贮藏27 d时最低,分别为34.33%、51.67%。综上所述,在12℃条件下短期贮藏日本食蚧蚜小蜂3日龄蛹27 d以内对其存活影响不大,12℃、3日龄蛹可作为该蜂的贮藏条件。

Coccophagus japonicus Compere is one of the predominant natural enemies of Parasaissetia nigra Nietner.In order to find out the storage conditions of the wasp,the 1-day-old and 3-day-old pupae of C.japonicus were stored at three constant temperatures(10,12,14℃)for different storage durations(7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27 days),then the emergence rates,adult longevities,parasitism rate and fecundity were observed.The results showed that the emergence rates of C.japonicus increased with the storage temperature,and the emergence rates of 3-day-old pupae were higher than those of 1-day-old pupae at the same storage temperature.Storage duration is an important factor affecting pupae survival of C.japonicus.The emergence rates of 3-day-old pupae were 96.00%after 7 days storage,and only 44.67%after 27 days storage at 10℃.And the emergence rates of 3-day-old pupae were 96.67%after 7 days storage and 88.00%after 27 days at 12℃.There were emerged wasps in incubator after 25 days storage at 14℃.The longevities of emerged adults after cold storage decreased significantly with the decrease of temperature.The longevities of emerged adults after storage at 14℃decreased significantly with the increase of storage duration,but those after storage at 10℃and 12℃decreased insignificantly.The longevity of emerged adults after 23 days storage at 10℃was only 10.11 days.After storage 3-day-old pupae at 12℃for 19 days,21 days,23 days,25 days,27 days,the egg production and parasitism rate of eclosion waps decreased with the increase of storage time,the lowest was 34.33 and 51.67%at 27 days,respectively.In summary,short-term storage(less than 27 days)of 3-day-old pupae of C.japonicus at 12℃had little effects on its survival.The temperature 12℃and the 3-day-old age can be the appropriate storage conditions for pupae of C.japonicus.