人口迁移有利于社会阶层变动吗?

Is migration profit to social class change?

基于2016年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,分析了人口迁移对社会阶层变动的影响及其内在机制。研究结果表明:人口迁移能促进迁移者社会阶层上升;“干中学”和城市规模经济效应是迁移影响个体社会阶层的重要机制;迁移可以有效促进迁移人口的社会阶层向上流动,但是对代际社会阶层流动的影响存在异质性差异;在父代与子代同时迁移的情况下,迁移并不有利于促进代际社会阶层流动;城市发展对迁移者社会阶层变动存在一定限制。提高对迁移者的社会保障水平,让外来迁移人口与本地人口享有平等公共服务,能够平等分享经济增长的成果,促进我国阶层流动是本文提出的政策建议。

Based on the 2016 Chinese family tracking survey(CFPS)data,this paper analyzes the internal mechanism of migration and its impact on social class changes.The results show that:migration can promote the rise of social class;"learning by doing"and urban scale economy effect are important mechanisms for migration to affect individual social class;migration can effectively promote upward social class mobility of migrant population,but there are heterogeneity differences in the impact on intergenerational social class mobility;in the case of simultaneous migration of fathers and children,migration is not conducive to the promotion of intergenerational social mobility;urban development has certain restrictions on the social class changes of migrants.The policy suggestions put forward in this paper are to improve the social security level of migrants,to allow migrant population and local population to enjoy equal public services,to share the fruits of economic growth equally,and to promote class mobility in China.