数据管理能力对企业生产率的影响效应——来自中国企业—劳动力匹配调查的新发现

The Effect of Data Management Ability on Firm Productivity——New Evidence from China Employer-Employee Survey

随着全球经济进入大数据时代,数据管理能力对于中国企业在风险预测、业务模式调整和价值发现等领域的重要性日益凸显。运用2018年中国企业—劳动力匹配调查数据,本文创新性地构建了数据管理能力得分指标,就数据管理能力对企业生产率的影响效应、内在机制进行了全面的实证检验。统计分析表明,与生产经营组织流程的管理效率相比,现阶段中国企业的数据管理能力明显偏低,已成为制约中国企业资源配置优化、生产率提高的重要瓶颈。研究发现,在其他条件不变的前提下,数据管理能力得分每提高1个标准差,企业全要素生产率平均增加18.15%。异质性检验表明,数据管理能力的生产率效应对于信息不对称问题较为突出的企业分组相对偏高。进一步机制分析发现,数据管理能力将通过增强企业家风险预测能力、改善人力资本绩效激励、优化目标规划、提升企业创新绩效等4种中介渠道促进生产率增长。稳健性检验和工具变量估计表明,在有效处理遗漏变量、反向因果等内生性问题的前提下,数据管理能力对于企业生产率的影响效应满足因果推断的统计要求。本文的实证发现对大数据时代中国企业如何通过数字化转型实现生产率增长,具有重要的启示作用。

As the global economy enters the era of big data,the importance of data management ability for risk prediction,business model adjustment and value discovery has become increasingly prominent for China’s firms.Drawing on the China employer-employee survey data collected in 2018,this paper first creates the measures of data management and robustly estimates the effect and influence mechanism of data management ability on firm productivity.Compared to the management efficiency in production organization,our statistical analyses reflect the fact that the data management score of Chinese firms is significantly low,which have already restricted the resource allocation and productivity improvement in China.Holding other conditions constant,the basic regression results present that TFP will increase by 18.15%respectively as the data management score increase by one standard deviation.The heterogeneity test shows that the effect of data management ability on firm productivity is relatively positive for older and non-export firms.Mediation test supports hypotheses that data management ability can promote productivity growth by improving risk prediction capabilities of entrepreneurs,performance incentives,goal programming and innovation.Based on robustness check and instrument variable estimations,this paper finds that data management has positive and significant causal effect on firm productivity.These findings provide important implications for Chinese firms to encourage productivity growth by management innovation in this age of digital economy.