不同水氮处理对马铃薯光合特性和产量的影响

Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Treatments on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Potato

在滴灌施肥条件下,开展大田小区试验,研究不同灌水量与不同施氮量对马铃薯光合特性及产量的影响。试验采用二因素三水平随机区组设计。结果表明:在灌水量为1 800 m^3/hm^2时,净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均随施氮量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,日照充足时最小值和最大值出现的时间点分别为当天下午18∶00和上午10∶00;在灌水量为900 m^3/hm^2时,净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度的日变化趋势基本一致,且两次峰值都出现在上午10∶00和下午16∶00。在灌水量为900 m^3/hm^2和1 350 m^3/hm^2时,产量随施氮量的增加总体呈增加趋势;在施氮量为120 kg/hm^2和180 kg/hm^2时,产量随灌水量的增加总体呈增加趋势;不同水氮处理的产量均显著高于CK(不灌水不施氮),高出9%~43%。试验条件下处理T6(中水高氮)最有利于马铃薯光合能力和产量的提高。

In this study,under the condition of drip irrigation and fertilization,field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of potato.Three irrigation rates and three nitrogen levels were designed by two factors and three levels of random block.There were a total of 9 treatments,and each treatment was repeated for 3 times,with a total of 27 experimental plots.The results showed that under the condition that the irrigation volume was 1800 m3/hm2,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance all increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount.When the sun was full,the time points of the minimum value and maximum value were 14∶00 in the afternoon and 10∶00 in the morning respectively.Under the condition of 900 m3/hm2 irrigation volume,the diurnal variation trends of stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of potato were basically the same,and the peak value appeared around 10∶00 am and 16∶00 pm.Under the conditions of 900 and 1350 m3/hm2,the yield generally increased with the increase of nitrogen application.Under the conditions of nitrogen application of 120 kg/hm2 and 180kg/hm2,the yield generally increased with the increase of irrigation water.The yield of different water and nitrogen treatments was higher than that of CK(No irrigation,no nitrogen)by 9%~43%.It can be concluded that the treatment of T6(Medium water and high nitrogen)was the most beneficial to the improvement of photosynthetic capacity and yield of potato.