玉米浅埋滴灌典型种植区参考作物腾发量的气象敏感性研究

Study on Meteorological Sensitivity of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in Typical Maize Planting Areas under Shallow Subsurface Drip Irrigation

为深刻了解玉米浅埋滴灌典型应用区农业气象要素对参考作物腾发量(ET0)的影响,本研究采用拓展傅里叶幅度敏感性检验(EFAST)法对农业气象因子进行全局敏感性分析,明确不同ET0的气象成因,为了解获知农业气象变化对作物蒸散发耗水的影响以及合理设计灌溉制度提供参考。结果表明:通辽市2017年、2018年生长季内的气象因素的变化规律具有西辽河流域的典型特征,即春季冷凉干燥多风、夏季湿热多雨,水文年型分别为丰水年、平水年。ET0与日值最高气温、最低气温、日均风速、日照时数呈正相关,与日均相对湿度呈负相关。该典型区气象因子对ET0的一阶、全局敏感性指数大小排序为:日均风速(0.220/0.324)>最高气温(0.125/0.157)>日均相对湿度(0.100/0.139)>日照时数(0.091/0.116)>最低气温(0.007/0.034),前4个指数为高敏感因子。2017年、2018年生长季ET0的界限分别为1.5~9.3、1.3~9.6 mm/d,采样气象值相应的ET0的界限为0.5~9.2 mm/d,作物生长季内高气温、大风速、低湿度、长日照出现频次越高,潜在蒸散耗水量越大,在农业气象的变化的影响下,使得灌溉制度需做出相应调整。

In order to deeply understand the influence of agrometeorological factors on the reference crop evapotranspiration(ET0)in typical maize planting areas under shallow subsurface drip irrigation,in this study,the Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test(EFAST)was used to analyze the global sensitivity of agricultural meteorological factors,to identify the meteorological causes of different ET0,so as to provide reference for understanding the impact of agro-meteorological changes on crop evapotranspiration and water consumption and formulating reasonable irrigation schedule.The results showed that:the variation of meteorological factors of Tongliao in the growth season of 2017and 2018 had the typical meteorological characteristics of Xiliao River Basin,that was,the spring was cold,dry and windy,the summer was humid,hot and rainy;the hydrology year type of the two years was the year of abundant precipitation and the year of normal precipitation respectively.ET0 was positively correlated with daily maximum temperature,minimum temperature,daily average wind speed and sunshine hours,and negatively correlated with average daily relative humidity.The first-order and global sensitivity index of meteorological factors to ET0 in this typical area was ranked as follows:daily average wind speed(0.220/0.324)>maximum temperature(0.125/0.157)>daily average relative humidity(0.100/0.139)>sunshine hours(0.091/0.116))>minimum temperature(0.007/0.034),and the first four indexes were highly sensitive factors.In the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018,the limits of ET0 were 1.5~9.3,1.3~9.6 mm/d,respectively,the limits of ET0 for sampling weather value was 0.5~9.2 mm/d.The higher the frequency of high temperature,high wind speed,low humidity and long sunshine in the growing season,the greater the potential evapotranspiration consumption.Under the influence of agrometeorological changes,the irrigation schedule needs to be adjusted accordingly.