女性与科技:当代西方女性主义科学技术史的兴起与早期发展

The Rise and Early Development of Feminist History of Science and Technology

西方女性主义科技史研究兴起于20世纪70年代,目前已发展为科技史研究的重要领域之一.文章以从事该领域研究的代表学者、经典作品和研究组织三个维度,聚焦20世纪70年代至90年代几个发展阶段,考察女性主义科技史家如何构建研究网络、凝聚同行共识、提升职业地位、扩大话语权力,进而梳理科技史家眼中性别及其与科技的复杂关联.其中不仅涉及极具天赋的女性精英科学家、处理工程技术问题的女性"隐藏人物",而且还包括为平凡家庭妇女设计的、具有革命意义的家用电器,以及与女性生殖和怀孕有关的技术和药物.

The western feminist history of science and technology rose in the 1970 s and now it has developed into one of the important research fields in the history of science and technology.From three dimensions of representative scholars,classic works and special interest groups in this field,this paper focuses on several major development stages between 1970 s and 1990 s,examining how feminist historians built research network in the history of science and technology,gathered peer consensus,enhanced professional status,and expanded their authority and influence.Besides,it is also necessary to find out the complex relationship between gender and society,including not only the talented female scientists,the"hidden figures"of women dealing with engineering and technical challenges,but also the revolutionary impact of household technology designed for normal housewives.As well as some technologies and medicines related to female reproduction and pregnancy.