论亚里士多德的作为德性表征的快乐

On Aristotle's Happiness as a Sign of Virtue

亚里士多德在《尼各马可伦理学》中的不同主题下讨论了快乐,对快乐的态度褒贬不一。因此,一些学者认为亚里士多德的快乐理论不能自洽。但是通过对书中不同语境下的快乐进行分析与对比可以发现快乐在亚里士多德那里具有不同的所指。一方面是需要适度享受的快乐,另一方面是作为德性表征的快乐。前者是与肉体或心理相关的感官快乐,后者是与德性和价值相关的意向性快乐。这种对快乐的区分也可以在亚里士多德的其他著中得到印证。认识到这一点后,至少可以说在这个意义上亚里士多德的快乐理论并不是不能自洽的。

Aristotle discussed happiness under different themes in the Nicomachean Ethics,and his attitude towards happiness was mixed.Therefore,some scholars believe that Aristotle's theory of happiness cannot be self-consistent.However,by analyzing and comparing happiness in different contexts in the book,it can be found that happiness has different meanings in the eyes of Aristotle.One is the happiness that requires modest enjoyment,and the other is the happiness that serves as a sign of virtue.The former is the sensual happiness connected with the body or the mind,while the latter is the intentional happiness connected with virtue and value.This distinction of happiness can also be found in Aristotle's other works.With this in mind,Aristotle's theory of happiness,in this sense,at least,is not inconsistent.