山西临猗苹果园土壤肥力现状评价及相关性分析

The Status Evaluation and Correlation Analysis of Soil Fertility of Apple Orchard in Linyi,Shanxi

果园土壤肥力是苹果生产的基础,是提高果品质量和生产优质果品的基本条件和保障.该研究以临猗县苹果园土壤为研究对象,分析比较了13个乡镇40个苹果园土壤肥力状况.结果表明:1)在对苹果园土壤肥力评价中,有效磷含量、速效钾含量属Ⅰ级标准,碱解氮含量、全氮含量及有机质含量均属较低的Ⅳ级标准.有效磷含量的变异程度最大,土壤pH的变异程度最小.除了土壤pH以外,其他各成分的变异系数均大于15%,说明全县土壤肥力水平变化很大.2)角杯乡的36号和嵋阳镇的的27号苹果园是土壤肥力最好的果园,其他果园均可借鉴.3)相关性分析结果表明,pH与其他含量均成负相关,其中与有效磷含量负相关性最大.碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮、有机质之间均成正相关,其中全氮含量与碱解氮、有效磷、有机质正相关性均较高,且全氮含量与碱解氮含量正相关性最大.

The orchard soil fertility is the basis of apple production,and it is the basic condition and guarantee to improve the quality of fruit and produce high quality fruit.In this study,the soil fertility of apple orchard in Linyi County was analyzed and compared with that of 40 apple orchards in 13 towns.The results showed that:1)In the evaluation of soil fertility of apple orchard,the content of available phosphorus and available potassium belonged to grade I standard,while the content of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,total nitrogen and organic matter belonged to grade IV standard.The variation degree of available phosphorus content is the largest,and that of soil pH is the smallest.The coefficient of variation of other components was all greater than 15%,which indicated that the soil fertility level of the whole county changed greatly except soil pH.2)No.36 apple orchard in Jiaobei Town and No.27 apple orchard in Meiyang Town are the most fertile orchards,which can be used for reference by other orchards.3)The results of correlation analysis showed that pH was negatively correlated with other contents,especially with available phosphorus.There was a positive correlation among alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen and organic matter,among which the positive correlation between total nitrogen and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter was higher,and the positive correlation between total nitrogen and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen was the largest.