民俗与生活世界的意义构造——论民俗学研究的理论向度

Folklore and the Meaning Structures of the Life-world:On the Theoretical Dimensions of Folklore Research

对民俗的行动主体、语境、表演和表达动力的强调所代表的民俗学理论转向,可以理解为一种正在发生着的、面向民俗本身的"意义"转向。"意义"而非"内容"成为关注焦点,意味着问题意识的变更,即从民俗是什么向民俗怎样的变更,从作为实体的民俗向作为建构过程的民俗的变更,从作为看的对象的民俗向作为看的视角本身的民俗的变更。这一转向,可以促成民俗学在与当代文化人类学、社会学、哲学特别是现象学传统相关思想的对勘中,在基础理论向度上和在面向生活世界的文化阐释与批评中,作出更富启示性的思考,以期获得有效讨论主体性问题、自由与行动问题,以及审美、伦理、政治问题的独立视角。

Folklore's theoretical turn marked by the emphasis on the subject of folkloric action,context,performance,and expressive motivation can be understood as an ongoing meaning-shift towards folklore as such.Meaning rather than content being the focus means a change in problem awareness,i.e.a change from the question of what is folklore to the question of how folklore runs,a change from the folklore being taken as an entity to being taken as a configurational process,and a change from the folklore recognized as an object of visual perception to the folklore understood as the very viewpoint or perspective.Such a turn can lead to more inspiring reflections on the basic theoretical dimension of folklore research through intensive dialogue and reconsideration with contemporary cultural anthropology,sociology,philosophy especially those related to phenomenological tradition,thusendowing folkloristics with an ability and a more conscious and independent vision to discuss effectively the issues on subjectivity,freedom and action,and those from aesthetic,ethical and political concerns in its interpretation and criticism of life-world cultures.