空间激光通信技术发展现状及展望

Progress and Prospect of Space Laser Communication Technology

空间激光通信技术是未来空间宽带信息传输的主要通信技术,具有带宽高、传输快速便捷及成本低的优势,是解决信息传输"最后一千米"的最佳选择。本文旨在系统把握空间激光通信技术的发展脉络,系统梳理了国内外空间激光通信技术在星地、星间、空地、空空等链路的研究与试验验证的发展情况,总结了激光通信技术在捕获跟踪、通信收发、大气补偿和光机设计等方向的关键技术研究热点。在此基础上,面向未来需求,归纳了空间激光通信技术在高速率、网络化、多用途、一体化、多谱段5个方面的发展趋势。为进一步推动空间激光通信技术研究和产业化的发展,本文从实施基础研究计划、重视核心元器件研发、积极参与国际技术标准的制定以及引导相关产业发展4个方面提出了发展建议,以期更好地促进我国空间激光通信技术的成果转化和应用。

Space laser communication technology is a major communication technology for space broadband information transmission in the future and has the advantages of high bandwidth,fast and convenient transmission,and low cost.It is the best means to cover the“last kilometer”of information transmission.This study aims to systematically understand the development process of the space laser communication technology.It summarizes the development of research and experimental verification of the technology in China and abroad regarding satellite-ground,inter-satellite,space-ground,and inter-space links.The key technologies of laser communication are studied in detail regarding acquisition tracking,communication transceiving,atmospheric compensation,and optomechanical design.Based on this,five future development trends of space laser communication are summarized emphatically,that is,high speed,networking,multi-purpose,integration,and multi-band.To further promote the research and industrialization of the space laser communication technology,this study proposes implementing basic research plans,focusing on the research and development of core components,actively participating in the formulation of international technical standards,and guiding the development of related industries.