谬误:脱轨的策略操控——从语用论辩术的视角来看

Fallacies as Derailments of Strategic Maneuvering:From the Perspective of Pragma-Dialectics

汗布林对谬误的逻辑标准处理方法提出的批评引发了谬误研究的一场革命。继他之后,伍兹等人从不同角度开启了谬误综合研究的路径。在语用论辩的标准理论中,谬误被视为对批判性讨论规则的违反。为了更好地解释和评价论证实践,范·爱默伦等人将修辞维度融入到语用论辩术中,发展了旨在缓和辩证合理性与追求修辞生效性之间张力的理论工具--策略操控。在其扩展理论中,谬误被视为对策略操控的脱轨。谬误难以识别有三个原因。

Hamlin’s criticism of the way of the logical standard treatment of fallacies has triggered a revolution in fallacy studies.Following him,Woods and other scholars opened up the path of comprehensive study of fallacies from different perspectives.In the standard theory of Pragma-Dialectics,fallacies are regarded as violations of the rules of a critical discussion.In order to explain and evaluate argumentative reality better,van Eemeren and other scholars integrated the rhetorical dimension into Pragma-Dialectics,and developed a theoretical tool-strategic maneuvering,aiming at diminishing the tension between maintaining reasonableness and pursuing effectiveness.Fallacies are viewed as derailments of strategic maneuvering in the extended theory.There exist three reasons why the fallacies of strategic maneuvering are difficult to identify.