现代主义城市中的儿童与儿童友好型空间

Children and Child-friendly Spaces in Modernist Cities

现代主义城市是基于市场经济效率导向的,其空间主要呈现增量扩张的快速发展态势,但逐步失去了对"人的抚育"功能,尤其忽视老人、妇女、儿童以及身体残障人群的需求。基于儿童权利和儿童健康成长的需求,分析国外以"儿童友好型城市"建设为代表的空间实践,强调和保障儿童空间权利行使的主体地位,以儿童参与为重点,将儿童的根本需求纳入街区或城市的规划中,形成"儿童空间需求表达→设计与决策→物理空间呈现"的有效途径和制度保障体系。就国内而言,在儿童尚作为"权利客体"的境况下,深圳市尝试探寻由成人与儿童合作、从战略引领到项目落实的儿童友好型城市空间建设机制。

Modernist cities are based on the efficiency of the market economy.Spaces in modernist cities mainly show the rapid development of incremental expansion,but gradually lose the function of’human care’,especially the needs of the elderly,women,children and the physically disabled.Based on the needs of children’s rights and children’s healthy growth,this paper analyzes the space practice represented by the construction of’child-friendly cities’abroad,emphasizes and guarantees the subjective status of children’s space rights,and focuses on children’s participation.In the planning of blocks or cities,an effective way and institutional system for’children’s space demand expression→design and decision-making→physical space presentation’has been formed.As far as the domestic situation is concerned,under the circumstances of children as’objects of rights’,Shenzhen tries to explore a child-friendly urban space construction mechanism that is coordinated by adults and children,from strategic guidance to project implementation.